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Objective@#To understand pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China in recent 15 years, and to provide reference for child pneumonia prevention and treatment.@*Methods@#Based on the death data from China Statistical Yearbook 2005-2019, pneumonia mortality in urban and rural children aged 0-14 was extracted and the standardized mortality was calculated, and the trend of mortality was fitted by Joinpoint regression model.@*Results@#The crude mortality rate of child pneumonia in urban and rural areas showed an increasing trend, while the standardized mortality rate showed a fluctuating downward trend. Joinpoint regression showed that the mortality rate of pneumonia in urban and rural children showed a monotonous downward trend, and there was no turning point. The overall APC of pneumonia mortality of urban children was -3.4, that of boys and girls were both -3.5. Trend for annual changes in urban areas were found significant among total sample and boys (both P <0.05). The overall APC of pneumonia mortality in rural children was -7.8, that of boys and girls were -7.1 and -7.8, respectively. Trend for annual changes in rural areas were found significant among total sample and boys(both P <0.05). There was no significant differences in the trend of mortality between urban and rural groups.@*Conclusion@#During 2005 to 2019, child pneumonia mortality in urban and rural areas in China shows a downward trend, which is relatively balanced in urban and rural areas. Further strengthened pediatric pneumonia treatment and management are expected to reduce the pneumonia mortality.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of the occupational therapy (OT) on people with mental disability in community of Beijing and analyze its related factors. Methods 180 mentally disabled persons from 15 disabled persons' centers (DPCs) in a district of Beijing were studied with a self-developed questionnaire. They were investigated twice with a 6-month interval, and the results were compared. Results 160 questionnaires were valid for analysis. The score of OT improved (P<0.05) in 103 (64.38%) respondents. The main factors related with the effectiveness of the OT included OT categories, age and vocational assessment. Conclusion OT is effective on people with mental disability in the DPCs, and could be improved in some aspects, such as regular vocational assessment.
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Objective To observe the effect of the occupational therapy (OT) on people with mental disability in community of Beijing and analyze its related factors. Methods 180 mentally disabled persons from 15 disabled persons' centers (DPCs) in a district of Beijing were studied with a self-developed questionnaire. They were investigated twice with a 6-month interval, and the results were compared. Re-sults 160 questionnaires were valid for analysis. The score of OT improved (P<0.05) in 103 (64.38%) respondents. The main factors related with the effectiveness of the OT included OT categories, age and vocational assessment. Conclusion OT is effective on people with mental disability in the DPCs, and could be improved in some aspects, such as regular vocational assessment.
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Objective To construct and identify retroviral-mediated short hairpin RNA ( shRNA ) expression vectors of ERβ419, and explore ERβ419 unknown biological function in beagles in future.Methods To screen out the most effective gene silencing sequence of beagle ERβ419 mRNA using qRT-PCR and Western Blot assays, imitate beagle estrogen target cells.Results qRT-PCR results showed, ERβ419-shRNA1 ( P <0.01 ) and ERβ419-shRNA3 ( P <0.01)differed significantly, Western Blot result as same as qRT-PCR,ERβ419-shRNA3 is the best choice.Conclusion Beagles ERβ419-shRNA3 retrain most effectively target gene repression. It is applied to explore ERβ419 unknown biological function in beagles reproductive system, and to prevent and treat beagles reproductive function diseases.
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Objective To quantitative the changing information of estrogen receptor βgene which was in tissue and organ of sex gland during oestrus and dioestrus of Beagles, and to show the different expression situation of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis during oestrus and dioestrus, and providing the basic of theory to research deeply the mechanism of heat of Beagles. Methods As the key gene in regulation reproduction, ERβgene is located in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, so using Beagles which was in oestrus and dioestrus, and extract the RNA from hypothalamus、pituitary、ovary and uterus respectively,after reverse transcription we detected the expression of ERβgene by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The expression of ERβgene mRNA from ovary、uterus、pituitary、hypothalamus of Beagles which was in dioestrus was 0.35 times, 0.17 times, 0.44 times and 0.43 times than the expression of ERβgene mRNA from ovary, uterus, pituitary, hypothalamus of Beagles which was in oestrus.Conclusion The expression of ERβgene was up-regulation in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis of Beagles which was in oestrus.
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Objective To screen the splicing isoforms of estrogen receptor βin the Beagle hypothalamic -pituitary -gonadal axis.Methods For ERβmRNA CDS sequence of eight exons, primers were designed confined to the CDS sequences of two sequential exons.Beagle hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus tissue cDNA were used as template, and corresponding sequences were amplified by PCR.PCR products were sequenced and aligned in the NCBI web site.The correct gene was then analyzed with DNAMAN comparative analysis software and handwork checking up, thus got the ERβsplicing isoforms of Beagle. Results Four beagle ER beta splicing isomers were obtained:exon 4 complete skipping ER βisomer (300 bp missing), two kind of Beagle ERβisoforms with partial exon 4 and partial exon 5 complicated missing (isoformⅠ334 bp missing and isoformⅡ265 bp missing), and exon 7 complete missing ERβsplicing isoforms (181 bp missing).Exon 4 complete skipping and exon 7 complete missing isomers had been obtained full length coding sequence, and the other two splicing isomers were partial coding sequence.Conclusion This project gained four ERβsplicing isomers of Beagle, and that will lay an important foundation for further study of their roles in the Beagle reproductive regulation mechanism.